The grasshoppers Chorthippus brunneus, from industrially polluted with heavy metals areas in Poland can be a good example. The limitation of protein synthesis, suggesting the necessity to save energy reserves, have been noticed among invertebrates. The phenomena like these are universal and may be observed in various regions in the world. Long lasting exposure of animals to a particular stressor may lead to the selection of individuals which cope better with this, or perhaps also other, stressors. This may, possibly, increase the probability of population survivorship and, at the same time, decrease the efficiency of pesticide-based plant protection efforts. This relationship may be described as a sort of cross tolerance. Therefore, multigenerational contact with cadmium caused several changes that enable the insect to survive under a chronic stress, preparing the organism to the contact with an additional, new stressor. The most significant increase was found in HSP70 level in the individuals from the Cd-strain exposed to various spinosad concentration. The application of the additional stressors caused, in general, an increase in the levels of studied parameters, in a strain-dependent manner. The animals originated from Cd-exposed and control strains exposed additionally in a short-term experiment to high/low temperature or pesticide-spinosad. The potential tolerance was assessed by means of unspecific stress markers: HSP70 concentration, DNA damage level, and energy budget indices in L5 larval instars of beet armyworm. The aim of this study was to assess whether 130-generational selection of a beet armyworm to cadmium in food might have induced tolerance also to other stressors. ![]() Long lasting exposure of animals to stressing factor may lead to the selection of population able to cope with the stressor at lower cost than unexposed individuals.
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